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216 Box Columns
May be part of Root Foundations (214), Final Column Distribution (213).Conflict
In all the world's traditional and historic buildings, the columns are expressive and beautiful, and treasured elements. Only in modern buildings have they become ugly and meaningless.Resolution
Make the columns in the form of filled hollow tubes, with a stiff tubular outer skin, and a solid core that is strong in compression. Give the skin of the column some tensile strength- preferably in the skin itself, but perhaps with reinforcing wires in the fill.May contain Root Foundations (214), Floor-Ceiling Vaults (219), Perimeter Beams (217), Column Connection (227), Column Place (226).